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چکیده
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Introduction In today’s world, multilingualism has become more important. There are a lot of people who are trying to learn a foreign language other than their native language because of economic, educational, political or even social communications reasons. The influence of bilingualism in human cognitive performance has attracted much attention of researchers. It has been shown bilingualism associated with performance advantages across various cognitive tasks, including Stroop. Hypothesis There is a significant difference between monolingual and bilingual students in cognitive inhibition (performance in Stroop task). Method Thirty-eight Persian–Turkish bilingual and 36 Persian monolingual students (age for both groups: range 18– 21) from Arak University (in Iran) participated in this study. To examine whether bilingual experience influences Stroop-type inhibition more than in monolinguals, bilingual and monolingual groups were compared on a classic Stroop task. On this Stroop task, the participants were presented with color words, and were instructed to name the color of the ink as accurate and as rapidly as possible. If the word blue is written in BLUE ink, then there is congruence of information; but if the word green is written in BLUE ink, then there is incongruence and conflict of information. The Participants were instructed to respond by pressing four keys (V, B, N, and M for Red, Blue, Yellow, and Green color respectively) on the keyboard. Before starting the task, the participants read instructions on the screen; in addition, the experimenter verbally explained the task. They started with training block and then a block of experiment trials. The participants were instructed to respond as rapidly and accurately as possible. The task used in this study consisted of 48 congruent and 48 incongruent stimuli. Each stimulus presented 2000 ms on a black background computer screen, and 800 ms presentation of a blank screen between two stimuli. All trials were pres
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