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چکیده
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Introduction: Biomimetics, as an interdisciplinary field, aims to use features and natural processes to develop novel technologies. Bacteria have been increasingly considered a worthy source of biomimetic inspiration due to their complex and efficient mechanisms and effective interaction with their environment and other organisms. This paper aims to review notable features and processes of bacteria and discusses their potential in developing innovative designs and inventions. Materials and Methods: In this review, the relevant literature in databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until 2025 were searched and their informative data was extracted and summarized. The extracted data were categorized and presented based on notable bacterial features and biomimetic applications. Results: The applications of bacteria Escherichia coli, Myxococcus xanthus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Shewanella oneidensis, Halobacterium, Streptomyces, and Clostridium in various fields and industries as nanotechnology, robotics, medicine, artificial intelligence, optical technology, and biosensors, are presented. Furthermore, a brief explanation of how each remarkable bacterial feature contributes to the design of systems and novel technologies is provided. Conclusion: This review highlights the importance of bacteria in biomimetic applications for scientific and industrial innovations. It emphasizes the bacterial structures and mechanisms that serve as sources of bioinspiration.
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