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چکیده
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This paper presents the optimal scheduling of active distribution network (ADN) with linear and non-linear loads in the presence of an integrated unit of electric spring and electric vehicle parking lot (IUEE). The proposed scheme is formulated in the form of three-objective optimization, which minimizes the expected operating cost of the ADN, voltage deviation function (VDF), and the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the voltage in separate objective functions. Constraints include harmonic power flow (HPA) equations, operation and power quality limits, and operation model of the IUEE. This scheme has uncertainties of load, energy price, and energy demand of EVs, which are modelled here using stochastic programming. Next, the sum of the weighted functions method as a subset of the Pareto optimization technique is adopted to extract the integrated single-objective problem. Then, Sine-Cosine Combined Algorithm (SCA) and Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO) are used to achieve an optimal solution. In the end, by examining the numerical results obtained from the implementation of the proposed scheme on a 69-bus ADN, the capability of the design in enhancing the economic situation, operation, and power quality of the ADN compared to network power flow studies obtained by optimal scheduling of the IUEE is confirmed.
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