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چکیده
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Introduction :Morus nigra L. also known as mulberry, is a flowering plant with valuable fruits due to their rich phytochemical composition. These fruits have numerous therapeutic effects, including antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-melanogenic, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antihyperlipidemic, and anticancer activities. Cadmium poisoning, a global health problem, affects various organs and can cause deaths annually. The current study aimed to use the aqueous extract of Black mullbery fruit with two different concentrations in reducing the toxic effects of cadmium chloride in male rabbits and to evaluate their effect by studying some physiological blood parameters, measuring some hormonal parameters, measuring the level of some antioxidants and oxidants and some biochemical parameters in addition to studying the changes Histological in the testicles and epididymis. Materials and methods : The study took place from January 2023 to March 2023 at the University of Karbala in collaboration with the laboratories of the College of Education for Pure Sciences. thirty adult male rabbits were included in the study. The rabbits were divided into six groups at random, with five male rabbits in each group. the first group, G1: the negative control group, which is the group treated only with food and orally cavage with distill water 2 mg/kg orally for a month, The second group: the positive group G2 developed testistoxicity, by dosing it orally with cadmium chloride at a concentration of 5 mg / kg of body weight daily for a month. The third group G3: the group that was dosed orally with aqueous extract of M. nigra at a concentration of 300 mg / kg per day for a month, The fourth group G4: was treated orally cavage with the aqueous extract of M. nigra at a concentration of 300 mg / kg of body weight, and after (3-4) hours, it was treated orally cavage with the toxic substance cadmium chloride at a concentration of 5 mg / kg of body weight, The fifth group, G5: which was dosed orally with an aqueous extract of M.nigra at a concentration of 600 mg / kg per day for a month, The Sixth group G6: treated orally cavage with the aqueous extract of Morus nigra at a concentration of 600 mg / kg of body weight, and after (3-4) hours, it was treated orally cavage with the toxic substance cadmium chloride at a concentration of 5 mg / kg of body weight. Resulted : The results of the study showed Oral dosing of rabbits in the group treated with cadmium chloride at a dosage of 5 mg/kg exhibited a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (HB) levels, and a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in white blood cell (WBC) count and glucose levels and significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)and significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in glutathione, catalase levels and significant increase(p ≤ 0.05) in malodialdehyde, and significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) and sperm concentration.While groups treated with M.nigra at concentrations of 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg, fillowed by cadmium chloride at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 30 days compare to positive group Lead. there was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, and glucose, along with a significant increase (P≤0.05) in high-density lipoprotein, sperm concentration, GSH, CAT, and a decrease in MDA s compare to positive group cadmium chloride . and groups treated with aqueous extract of M.nigra at concentrations of 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in RBC and HB and significant decrease (P≤0.05) in WBC, glucose, MDA , TC ,TG,LDL , VLDL ,and significant increase (P≤0.05) in HDL, GSH, CAT, LH, T,FSH ,sperm concentration compared to the control group. Toxic substance ( cadmium chloride ) caused a decrease in the diameter of seminiferous tubules and epididymis ,decreases the average diameters of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatozoa leydig cell and sertoli cells and degeneration of the epithelial layer, leading to increased vacuolation during spermatogenesis and reduced sperm concentration, while aqueous extract of M.nigra increased the diameter of seminiferous tubules and epididymis and average diameters of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatozoa leydig cell and sertoli cells Conclusion : The equeous extract of M.nigra fruit improved fertility in male rabbit , and the concentration of the aqueous extract (600 mg / kg) was the optimal concentration by increasing the level of testosterone, follicle stimulated hormone, and Luteinizing hormone and increasing the concentration of sperm, and the high antioxidant activity represented by a significant increase in the level of glutathione, Catalase, and a significant decrease Malondialdehyde, which reduces the physiological, biochemical and histological changes in the testes and epididymis caused by cadmium chloride.
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