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چکیده
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The formulation of hydrophobic drugs like celecoxib for effective topical application remains a significant pharmaceutical challenge, primarily due to poor aqueous solubility and low skin permeability. To address this, we engineered a novel, biocompatible nanocarrier system utilizing a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES). A hydrophobic NADES composed of lactic acid and menthol (1:2 molar ratio) served as the internal oil phase within an oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion stabilized by Tween 80/Transcutol HP. Pseudo-ternary phase diagram construction enabled the identification of a stable, single-phase microemulsion region. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization confirmed the formation of nanoscale structures, with dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealing exceptionally small and uniform droplet sizes, underscoring the system's colloidal stability. These nanodroplets function as efficient solubilization reservoirs, dramatically enhancing the apparent solubility of celecoxib. Ex vivo skin permeation studies over 24 hours demonstrated a significant and sustained transdermal flux of the drug from the NADES-based microemulsion. The permeation kinetics were best described by the KorsmeyerPeppas model, with a release exponent indicating a diffusion-controlled (Fickian) release mechanism from the nanocarrier. This work successfully establishes NADES-based microemulsions as a promising, green nanotechnology platform. By leveraging natural solvents to create nanoscale delivery vehicles, this strategy offers a potent solution for improving the dermal bioavailability of poorly soluble therapeutics, aligning with the growing demand for sustainable and effective pharmaceutical formulations.
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