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چکیده
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Introduction: Oxidative stress, a major contributor to cellular damage and disease progression, can be induced by drugs such as phenobarbital. Omega-3 fatty acids, known for their antioxidant properties, may mitigate such adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of omega-3 on biochemical and histopathological markers in rats exposed to phenobarbital. Material and methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) control group, 2) phenobarbital group (80 mg/kg/BW), 3) omega-3 (30 mg/kg/BW), 4) phenobarbital + omega-3. Treatments were administered orally for 30 days. Then, blood samples were analyzed for liver enzymes such as Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), kidney function (urea, creatinine), and lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL). Histopathological studies on liver and kidney tissues were also conducted. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA), and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Phenobarbital exposure elevated liver enzymes (AST, ALP, and ALT), impaired kidney function (urea, creatinine), and increased cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL compared to the control group. Histologically, liver tissue showed degeneration, necrosis, and disorganization of hepatocytes, while kidney tissues revealed glomerular atrophy and tubular damage. Co-administration of omega-3 fatty acids and phenobarbital significantly attenuated phenobarbital-induced adverse effects, as compared to treatment with phenobarbital alone. Conclusion: Omega-3 showed protective effects against phenobarbital-induced oxidative damage in rats, highlighting its potential role in preserving liver and kidney function under stress conditions.
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