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چکیده
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Background: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is used in the production of various polyvinyl chloride products in medican. This chemical compound is released from these products and induces oxidative stress in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in rats. In the present study, various plant-derived antioxidants were utilized to counteract DEHP-induced toxicity. Methods and Material: BMSCs extracted from Wistar rats at passage three were cultured under the influence of various antioxidant concentrations for four days. Based on the absence of cytotoxicity and increased cell proliferation, concentrations of 0.25 μM gallic acid (GA), 0.25 μM catechin (CH), and 0.1 μM curcumin (Cur) were selected to counteract the toxicity induced by 100 and 500 μM DEHP. These concentrations were used to assess cell viability, proliferation (PDN), and oxidative stress mitigation. Results: Higher concentrations than 0.25 μM of GA and CH and 0.1 μM of Cur reduced cell viability and proliferation, whereas the aforementioned concentrations enhanced BMSC proliferation. GA demonstrated the best performance compared to CH and Cur, completely neutralizing the toxic effects of 100 μM DEHP. However, none of the antioxidants could fully counteract the toxicity of 500 μM DEHP. In oxidative stress analysis, GA showed the most significant reduction in malondialdehyde levels, with the highest improvement in catalase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity observed in the GA + 100 μM DEHP treatment group. This suggests that GA possesses superior antioxidant properties, as reflected in its measured antioxidant activity. Conclusion: It can be said that the best antioxidant for counteracting the toxic effects of DEHP is GA. Therefore, it is recommended to consume plant-based products rich in GA, such as black tea and dried fruits, on a daily basis.
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