Background: The deleterious influence of hydrosalpinx on endometrial receptivity biomarkers such as Homeobox gene A10, Leukemia inhibitory factor and integrinshas been demonstrated. Moreover, the presence of local inflammatory mediators such as IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-αin the endometrium exposed to hydrosalpingial fluid have been established. We investigated the expression levels of HOXD10 and HOTAIR mRNA in endometrium of infertile women with hydrosalpinges compared to controls. We next determined the correlation of the expression level of these genes before and after salpingectomy. Material and Methods: Ten infertile women with moderate to severe hydrosalpinxes who underwent laparoscopic salpingectomy, were recruited. Mid–luteal-phase endometrial sampling was performed at the time of surgery and patients were followed up for second endometrial biopsies in the mid-luteal phase of forth-post treatment cycle. Ten healthy fertile women with successful pregnancy were considered as control and underwent endometrial biopsy in mid-luteal phase. Control and hydrosalpinx endometrial samples were obtained by pipelle. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, real-time PCR was used for quantitative HOXD10 and HOTAIR gene expression levels. Wilcoxon signed Ranks Test and kruskal-Wallis were used for data analysis. P -value less than 0.05 was statistically significant. Results: Salpingectomy significantly increases HOXD10 expression level (P=0.006) and decreases HOTAIR expression levels (P= 0.01). Moreover, there was no correlation between HOXD10 and HOTAIR expression levels (r= - 0.18, P=0.3) before salpingectomy. conclusion: Hydrosalpinx removal restores HOXD10 and down-regulates HOTAIR expression levels. This may be a mechanism by which salpingectomy improves implantation rate in these patients.
