In this work, TiO2 nanoparticles and nanorods have been synthesized and their structural properties have been investigated in different preparation conditions. The effect of cobalt doping (in different molar ratios of 6, 12, 18 and 24) on physical properties of nanoparticles was studied. Un-doped and cobalt doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles was prepared through the sol–gel method. Nanostructures were characterized by using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The effect of cobalt doping on the magnetic properties is also investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer. It confirmed that cobalt doped TiO2 nanoparticles show paramagnetic behavior and their magnetic susceptibilities enhanced by increasing the doping level. Results show that increasing of cobalt doping produce a CoTiO3 phase and the particle sizes increase.