The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Iraq is between 8.5% and 13.9%. Various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes have been observed through various genome-wide association studies (GWAS).In this case-control study, DNA was extracted from blood samples of 100 Iraqi women with type 2 diabetes and 10 healthy controls. Five SNPs in the SPX gene were investigated using the PCR technique and then sequenced by the Sanger method. The findings show that the relationship between the serum level of Spexin and the risk of type 2 diabetes is significant compared to healthy people. The results of the sequencing analysis showed that a polymorphism (rs780278792) in the SPX gene in the studied population does not statistically increase the risk of contracting the disease. While the four investigated polymorphisms in the population of Iraqi diabetic women are statistically related to the risk of contracting the disease. In this study, heterozygous and homozygous genotypes were observed in both patient and healthy groups. The comparison of gene frequencies and also the frequency of genotypes related to SNPs rs1413328860, rs772766676, rs761986956, and rs1214680179 in the SPX gene between the two groups of patients and controls showed a significant difference (p < 0.0001). However, the comparison of the frequencies in the position of rs780278792, both genotypic and allelic, did not show any relationship with the increased risk of diabetes in both sick and healthy groups (p > 0.99). There was a significant association between SNPs rs1413328860, rs772766676, rs761986956, and rs1214680179 in the SPX gene and type 2 diabetes. There was no statistically significant relationship between the genotypes of rs780278792 and the alleles of this polymorphism and the risk of diabetes.
