This study employs a multi-sector computable general equilibrium model to investigate the long-run impacts of three scenarios, namely high prices of petroleum products, energy subsidy reform and the combine of both, on the Malaysian transport sector. The long-run simulation results suggest that all shocks are beneficial for the entire economy because of the increase in real GDP and investment. The shocks encourage the reallocation of resources and therefore induce disparities in sectoral adjustments. All transport sectors, except water transport, gain from high petroleum prices due to the increase in their domestic output, domestic sales and exports, while they lose from the energy subsidy reform and the combined scenario. The shocks lead to significant changes in travel behaviour of all household types through a change in their use of transport sub-sectors. The combined scenario followed by the high petroleum price shock greatly reduces energy consumption and emissions of all air pollutants in the transport sectors. These findings enhance our understanding of the transport impact of oil price shocks and energy subsidy reform and should be of much interest to scholars, corporate executives, travel agencies, regulators, and policy makers.
