Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting 5-10% of women of reproductive age. It is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by hormonal imbalance, irregular menstruation, hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, and abnormal insulin activity. This study aimed to examine changes in (LH, FSH, E2, Progesterone, f-testosterone, and IR and find the relationship between these hormones and anti-mullerian hormone in women of childbearing age from Kerbala province, Iraq. Materials and Methods: This study included one hundred women with age ranged between (18-45) years, of which 50 women have PCOS The remaining 50 represent the control group who were apparently healthy women. Patients with PCOS were selected from the private laboratories accompanying the obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Kerbala-Iraq between November 2022 and February 2023. Diagnosis of PCOS is based on examination and ultrasound by a specialized gynecologist. Patients were interviewed and examined for weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference. A number of biochemical indicators, including a number of hormones such as FSH, LH, f-testosterone, estradiol, AMH, blood glucose level (fasting) and insulin level on the second day of the menstrual cycle were measured immediately using appropriate methods. While progesterone was measured on the eighteenth day of the menstrual cycle in the same way. Results: The results of the present study showed that the values of fasting blood glucose and serum levels of LH, f-testosterone, AMH, insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance in women with PCOS were significantly increased (P <0.05) as compared with control group, while the values of FSH in women with PCOS did not difference significantly (P<0.05) as compared with control group. The obtained data showed positive correlations between AMH and both of LH, f-testosterone, and insulin resistance of women with PCOS, while there are negative correlations between AMH and Estradiol hormone. Conclusion: Polycystic ovary syndrome induced an imbalance in hormonal levels including serum LH, AMH, FSH, f-testosterone, insulin, and fasting blood glucose as compared with control. Estradiol and Progesterone hormone were decreased in polycystic ovary syndrome as compared with control. Insulin resistance was increased in polycystic ovary syndrome as compared with the control group.
