Objectives: Apoptosis Programmed cell death, the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin is effective against a wide range of bacterial illnesses.This investigation set out to evaluate the effects of different dose of ciprofloxacin on biochemical liver enzymes, kidney function, Antioxidants and histological (liver and kidney) and apoptosis, necrosis (liver) indicators in white rats. Design and Methods: The present study has been conducted in the animal house of the college of veterinary medicine, AL-Qadisiya University during the period extended from October,2022 to Feb.,2023.Forty adult male Wistar rats (aged 90 days and weighing 150±10 g) were randomly divided into four groups. The control group (C) received water drench treatment for 30 days, the first group (T1) received 50 mg/ kg b.w., CIP for 30 days, the second group (T2) received 100 mg/ kg b.w., CIP for 30 days, the third group (T3) received 150 mg/ kg b.w., CIP for 30 days. Males were anesthetized (by injection of 0.3 ml ketamine + 0.1 ml of xylazine/ kg b.w. ip), dissected, and blood samples were taken from the abdominal vein in non-heparinized tubes at the conclusion of each treatment and control. Liver enzymes, kidney function, and Antioxidants were measured by analyzing blood serum samples. Each rat has a liver and kidney removed for histological analysis and liver to examination of Apoptosis and Necrosis. Results: The results of present study showed a significant increase at the level of (P>0.05) in liver enzymes, kidney function and MDA, dose dependently in groups treated with Ciprofloxacin compared to the control group. Whereas, the current investigation revealed statistically significant differences in malondialdehyde (SOD, GSH and CAT) between all study groups (P>0.05). Compared to the control group and the first group, a significant dose-dependently decrease in SOD, GSH and CAT was observed in other groups. Also,the current investigation revealed effect of different dose of ciprofloxacin on apoptosis and necrosis on liver cells in rats, showed that there were significant differences between all study groups in Apoptosis at the level of (P>0.05). Whereas, the present study showed several changes were observed in the rat liver, including vacuolation of hepatocytes, congestion of the central vein, and vacuolation of the centrilobular area. Also, several changes were observed in the rat kidney, including mild atrophy of glomeruli, few dilation of renal convoluted tubules, degeneration of epithelial cells which lining these tubules, also illustrated there is a marked sever necrosis and degeneration in the epithelial line of renal convoluted tubules, dilation in lumen of these tubules, and a complete distraction and atrophy of a glomeruli with cystic dilation in the renal convoluted tubules. Conclusions:We conclude from the results of our current study that ciprofloxacin has a clear effect on the studied parameters, especially the liver and kidneys, in the various doses given and according to the time period of the study.
