Almond is one of the most important nut crops in the world and thus rootstock selection is an importantdecision when planting an almond orchard. With the aim of introducing Prunus scoparia as a suitable root-stock for almond under drought condition, the present study was carried out with two scion/rootstockcombinations including: A-1) Prunus dulcis cv. ‘Rabiee’ scion/P.dulcis cv. ‘Estahban’ rootstock (under irri-gated condition), A-2) P. dulcis cv. ‘Rabiee’ scion/P. dulcis cv. ‘Estahban’ rootstock (under rainfed condition),and B) P. dulcis cv. ‘Rabiee’ scion/P. scoparia rootstock (under rainfed condition). P. scoparia is a wildspecies, usually living on dry calcareous soils at rocky mountain and has been used as a grafting root-stock for almonds to provide drought resistance. Result showed that the vegetative characters of ‘Rabiee’scion including tree height, trunk diameter, annual year’s growth and internode length were statisti-cally significantly affected by rootstock combinations which trees grafted onto P. scoparia representedlower values for these characters. The lowest tree height was observed for trees grafted onto P. scoparia(110.00 cm), while the highest was in trees grafted onto irrigated ‘Estahban’ rootstock (516.00 cm). Thus,P. scoparia may reduce height of ‘Rabiee’ scion and can be used as a dwarfing rootstock for almond. Inaddition, fruit yield of ‘Rabiee’ scion showed statistically significant differences among its trees graftedon different rootstocks. Trees grafted onto irrigated ‘Estahban’ rootstock showed higher yield comparedwith others, but differences among trees grafted onto irrigated ‘Estahban’ rootstock and trees grafted ontoP. scoparia was insignificant for this trait, while they showed significant differences with trees graftedonto rainfed ‘Estahban’ rootstock. Nut length, nut width and kernel thickness showed statistically sig-nificant differences among trees grafted onto different rootstocks. Trees grafted onto P. scoparia showedhigher v
