Background and aim: Elderly people have a weaker response to resistance training and muscle hypertrophy than younger adults. Some evidence approves that both exercise training and vitamin D3 Supplementation Separately, may benefit musculoskeletal health in older adults, and it is plausible that in combination their effects may be additive. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of resistance training combined with vitamin D3 on musculoskeletal health in the elderly. Data sources: A comprehensive search was done from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials, men and women (age ≥65 years or mean age ≥65 years). The investigated results included muscle strength, body composition, vitamin D3 serum level and quality of life compared to the results of the control group. Results: Based on the collected studies, a significant increase was observed in the muscle strength of the group that did resistance exercises and took vitamin D3 supplements compared to the groups that only carried out resistance exercises or only took vitamin D3 supplements. Conclusion: This study experimentally supports the increasing effect of resistance training for 2-3 sessions per week with an intensity of 40-60% 1RM and vitamin D3 supplementation in the amount of 800-2000 IU of vitamin D3 per day for improving muscle strength in elderly people. However, more evidence is needed to draw stronger conclusions or make clear recommendations about resistance training and vitamin D3 supplementation.
