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چکیده
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Objectives:Acute and chronic renal failure (CRF),(ARF) are the most common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes. The kidneys are loaded with millions of tiny blood vessels that act as filters to remove waste from the blood, and when diabetes and high blood sugar occur, the blood vessels and nerves are affected over time, in addition to filtering large amounts of glucose, which puts a burden, on the kidneys. Kidney failure refers to the inability of the kidneys to, perform the excretory function, which leads to retention of nitrogenous waste products from the blood. Other functions include the synthesis of various hormones such as erythropoietin, and the metabolism of low molecular weight proteins such as insulin. High blood sugar directly affects patients with renal failure (end stage). For the patient to survive, the patient either needs dialysis or a kidney transplant. The aim of this study is to identify some of the physiological and biochemical causes and their effective role in patients with kidney failure (kidney failure) and patients with type 2 diabetes for ten variables, through: Determination of antioxidants by measuring glutathione (GSH). And evaluation of the levels of C-reactive protein, blood sugar, albumin, total protein, globulin, urea, creatinine ine, leptin, and visfatin in the studied samples. Materials and methods: The study included (120) patients, ranging in age from (18-45) years. They were divided into four groups: control group, acute renal failure group, chronic renal failure group and Type 2 diabetes group. Samples were taken from the period December 2022 until May 023. From the two governorates of Baghdad and Salah al-Din. Blood samples were taken from the patient groups and the control group and conducted interviews with them using the questionnaire form. After separating the serum in the Centrifuge device, the levels of glucose, urea, albumin, total protein, globulin, creatinine ine, and glutathione (GSH) were megeared. And evaluate the level of C-reactive protein by analyzing leptin and visfatin. Using modern laboratory equipment. Results : The results of the statistical study for the current research showed that, according to gender, for 50 males and 70 females, the percentage was respectively (41.66%) and (58.33%). The result was with a statistically significant difference , (p < 0.05) , and with the highest significant difference, p = 0.01 **, which means that there is an effect of gender on the study variables. There was a difference in the results of the tests between males and females. Through this, we see that women are more susceptible to kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. Also, the analyzes showed that there is a (high) level of increase in globulin for the diseased groups in both sexes. There were no significant differences, according to the statistically NO significant differences for globulin (P > 0.05 ).The present study also showed that male patients suffered from ARF and diabetes. Total protein and albumin were more in male patients with CRF, and the result was statistically significant. It was also shown that male patients with diabetes had higher glucose than male patients with CRF and ARF, and the result of urea and creatinine ine in CRF was higher than that in ARF and the result was statistically significant. The highest infection rate was recorded in the age group 26-35 and 36- 45 years, and the lowest was 15-25 years. The result according to the globulin coefficient showed that there were no significant , differences (P>0.05) between the groups. According to Duncan’s test .In the age groups , the results according to the glucose, urea, and creatinine ine parameters showed significant differences (P<0.05) between the groups. The results for the age groups according to the coefficient of visfatin, leptin, and glutathione were significant differences (P<0.05) between the groups under the Duncan test.The current study revealed that there were a number of patients suffering from diabetes in the first group, which is CRF, and the lowest rate of patients suffering from diabetes was within the severe group (G2) of the ARF group, and the results were statistically significant. The results of the study also showed the relationship of smoking with indicators of glucose, urea, creatinine ine, total protein, albumin and leptin in the study groups (according to smoking or non-smoking). They are statistically significant and have a significant difference. There is also a relationship between smoking and globulin and glutathione indicators (depending on smoking or not smoking). Conclusions: Our current study showed that the relationship between the various physiological and biochemical indicators in patients with diabetes and kidney failure of both types is that there is a statistically significant relationship according to gender, age and smoking. Also, patients with ARF and diabetes have more total protein and albumin than patients with CRF, and the result was the same. Statistically significant, the highest percentage of patients was within the age group of 26-35 and 36-45 years, and the lowest was 15-25 years. In the male and female group, the results according to globulin standards showed significant differences.
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