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چکیده
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The physiology and molecular response of plants are interesting as plants as sessile creatures are exposed to constant environmental harsh conditions which can affect their growth and productivity negatively. Among adverse effects heavy metals’ (HMs) impact is a crucial one which can affect plant physiology and metabolic pathwaysHeavy metal term is used for metals with a determined specific gravity (>5); however biologists use this term for various metal(loids) that are toxic for organisms. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), manganese (Mg), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) are some of the important HMs.
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