In this paper the problem of non‐fragile adaptive sliding mode observer design isaddressed for a class of nonlinear fractional‐order time‐delay systems withuncertainties, external disturbance, exogenous noise, and input nonlinearity.AnH∞observer‐based adaptive sliding mode control considering the non‐fragility of the observer is proposed for this system. The sufficient asymptoticstability conditions are derived in the form of linear matrix inequalities. It isproven that the sliding surface is reachable in finite time. An illustrative exampleis provided which corroborates the effectiveness of the theoretical results.