Abstract Background & aim: Increase in kidney volume has been observed as one of the first and most important indicators for the diagnosis of acute and chronic kidney failure in previous studies. The mechanism of this increase could be effect of oxidative stress on the expression of genes and factors such as VEGF and FGF-2, which have the effect on cell proliferation and angiogenesis. On the other hand, adapting and increasing antioxidant defenses increase through exercise training and changes in kidney hemodynamics during trainings lead to a decrease in glomerular filtration and, consequently, a decrease in the volume and number of glomeruli and decrease in the volume of the cortex and kidney. Due to the importance of kidney tissue and the direct effects of exercise training, oxidative and antioxidant factors on this tissue The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 10 weeks of HIIT training on serum levels of MDA, SOD and Structural changes of kidney tissue components. Methodology: In this experimental study 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (control and HIIT training). The training group performed HIIT training for 10 weeks. 24 hours after the last training session, blood serum of rats was collected for oxidative and antioxidant factors and kidney tissue was isolated for stereological examination. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: In this study, performing high intensity training protocol in rats reduced kidney volume (P=0.04), cortex volume (P=0.03), glomerular volume (P=0.037) and serum level of MDA (P=0.02) but HIIT training did not effect on the serum level of SOD, kidney weight, interstitial tissue volume, medulla volume, volume and length of proximal and distal tubules. Conclusion: It seems that high intensity training can reduce the oxidative stress and be effective in improving the structure of kidney tissue in rats.
