Diabetes mellitus type 2, which affects how your body uses blood sugar (glucose), has emerged as one of the most significant global health issues. Vaspin has been hypothesized as a compensatory factor against the insulin resistance state of metabolic syndrome based on findings from animal research employing recombinant Vaspin protein. The serine proteases of the coagulation, fibrinolytic, and inflammatory cascades release Chemerin as an inactive precursor, which they cleave to make it active. T2D is more vulnerable to infections because many bacteria become more aggressive in the presence of hyperglycemia. This study aimed to investigate the association of Vaspin and Chemerin levels, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and biochemical factors including FBS, HbA1c, LDL, HDL, and BMI in T2D and DN. Eighty diabetic patients and 80 healthy people participated in this study. The serum level of the Vaspin and Chemerin was measured using an ELISA assay. The fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), LDL, HDL, and BMI were determined. The molecular diagnosis of the Epstein-Barr virus was performed using the PCR method. The FBS, HbA1c, LDL, HDL, Chemerin, and Vaspin levels were significantly higher (p<0.0001) compared to the control group. The serum concentrations of Chemerin and Vaspin were significantly more profile in DN patients compared to T2D (p<0.0001), but the LDL level in the DN group was lowered in DN compared to the T2D group (p<0.01). The Epstein-Barr virus-positive samples in the diabetic group were more than in the healthy group. The significant positive correlation of Vaspin vs. Chemerin (r=0.730, CI: 0.6083 to 0.8187, p<0.0001), and also significant negative correlation of Vaspin vs. LDL (r= - 0.304, CI:-0.4914 to -0.09096 and p=0.006) was reported amongst patients. In conclusion, the elevated serum level of Chemerin, Vaspin, and LDL in diabetic patients is associated with susceptibility to T2D and nephropathy.
