Introduction Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex cognitive and behavioral syndrome in which brain development is impaired due to genetic and environmental factors. The complexity of the process of SCZ and the lack of complete understanding of the various factors that cause it and their mutual effects can significantly burden global well-being and health. Among the possible reasons for the onset of SCZ are the likely increase in the activation of immune system components and changes in intestinal permeability and the intestinal microbiome. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and also gut microbiome with Schizophrenia. Material and method The differences in serum levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10),and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed in SCZ patients and control group by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) technique. The GraphPad Prism software at significant p value <0.05 is used for statistical analysis. Evaluation the 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed for gut microbiome analysis. Result : The result showed a significantly higher concentration of IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α in SCZ patients compared to the control group (p<0.0001****). The first result of our metagenomics analysis showed that the abundance of Proteobacteria (at the phylum level), Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridiaceae was significantly higher in SCZ subjects. There were Lower numbers of Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae in SCZ patients. Conclusion: The significantly higher serum levels of the IL-8, IL10, and TNF-α in the SCZ patients compared to the healthy group confirmed that SCZ is associated with neuroinflammatory processes and indicated that ongoing immune system activation and inflammation in the central nervous system could contribute to the development or progression of schizophrenia. In addition measuring these cytokines as helpful biomarkers and changes in the gut microbiome and their potential implications for SCZ could be beneficial for developing targeted therapeutic approaches and managing SCZ and related symptoms.
