Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. It is characterized by hormonal imbalances, irregular menstrual cycles, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance. Despite its high prevalence, the exact cause of PCOS remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between anti-mullerian hormone with insulin resistance and reproductive hormones in women with this syndrome. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 women aged 18 to 45 years, including both healthy individuals and those diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), participated in this study. The diagnosis of PCOS was confirmed by a gynecologist based on clinical examination and transvaginal or pelvic ultrasound findings. For all participants, the following parameters were recorded: age, weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, and serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen, progesterone, free testosterone, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Results: In this study, no significant difference was found in age or FSH levels between groups. Women with PCOS had higher BMI, LH, free testosterone, AMH, and insulin resistance, but lower estradiol and progesterone. AMH showed no significant correlation with LH, FSH, testosterone, or progesterone in either group. However, AMH correlated positively with estradiol in controls and negatively in PCOS patients. Conclusion: Women with PCOS often experience overweight, obesity, and hormonal imbalances. In healthy individuals, there is a positive and natural correlation between AMH and estradiol. In PCOS patients, this correlation is negative, indicating disruption in the HPO axis and abnormal folliculogenesis. This dysfunction can lead to anovulation and the accumulation of immature follicles. Early monitoring of AMH may help prevent reproductive and metabolic complications.
