خلاصه: To enhance the catalytic properties of HY zeolite by tuning its acidity and modifying its porosity, we synthesized a novel heterogeneous acidic catalyst by functionalizing HY zeolite with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, ionic liquid (MI), chlorosulfonic acid (SA), and heteropoly acid (HPA). The physicochemical properties of this catalyst were characterized using NH₃-TPD, BET, XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, EDX, MAP, and TGA/DTA analyses. FESEM, BET, and XRD results confrmed a signifcant transformation in porosity to a micro-meso structure while retaining the zeolite’s structural integrity. The novel catalyst (HY-MI-SA-HPA), featuring enhanced acidity and tunable porosity, was applied to the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives. Catalytic performance was evaluated under mild, solvent-free conditions, achieving up to 99% conversion with using minimal catalyst quantities (as low as 0.04 g), a 20-min reaction time, and ambient temperature. Additionally, reusability tests showed that the catalyst retained high activity and stability across fve consecutive reaction cycles, highlighting its potential for sustainable catalytic applications.
