Background: Research has demonstrated a negative association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and male gonadal function, with reductions observed in serum levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Conversely, resistance training and chromium picolinate supplementation in healthy men have been shown to influence these hormones positively. This study aimed to investigate the effects of resistance training and chromium picolinate supplementation on glycemic control and hormonal profiles in men with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Twenty-five men with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and randomly assigned to three groups: resistance training with chromium picolinate (n = 9), resistance training with placebo (n = 8), and control (n = 8). The training groups participated in an 8-week supervised training program targeting major muscle groups. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-intervention to measure blood glucose, testosterone, LH, and FSH. A mixed ANOVA (group × time; α = 0.05) was used for data analysis using SPSS version 26. Results: The resistance training and resistance training with chromium picolinate groups showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in blood glucose and an increase in testosterone, LH, and FSH levels compared to controls and baseline. No significant differences were observed between training groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The combined application of resistance training and chromium picolinate supplementation in individuals with type 2 diabetes may offer a potential strategy for ameliorating glycemic dysfunction while mitigating potential adverse hormonal effects.
