Iris songarica Schrenk, native to the arid and semiarid regions of Central and Southwest Asia, is a xerophytic species valued for its environmental adaptability and ornamental potential. This study assessed the morphological variation of 100 wild I. songarica accessions from the Palang-Darreh region, Qom province, Iran using multivariate statistical approaches to support conservation and breeding efforts. Descriptive statistics showed a coefficient of variation ranging from 9.92% for style arm length to 77.10% for crest color. Correlation matrix analysis (CMA) revealed a strong positive association between flower diameter and flower surface (r = 0.85, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis (MRA) identified standard length and flower surface as the most influential traits shaping floral morphology. Standard length had strong effects on spathe length (β = 0.44, p ≤ 0.00) and fall length (β = 0.37, p ≤ 0.00), while flower surface significantly affected flower diameter (β = 1.96, p ≤ 0.00) and fall length (β = 0.30, p ≤ 0.00). Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted seven components with eigenvalues > 1.0; the first three explained 28.23%, 8.55%, and 6.14% of the total variance. This study revealed high morphological diversity and distinct phenotypic clusters in I. songarica, shaped by ecological pressures and potential genetic differentiation.
