Energy imbalance represents a critical challenge in global energy policy, demanding innovative, practical strategies for sustainable development, especially in contexts constrained by political and economic factors, such as Iran. This systematic review, conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology, provides a rigorous, transparent framework for synthesizing and evaluating a wide array of literature on renewable energy governance. PRISMA ensures methodological consistency by using predefined inclusion criteria, systematic search strategies, and data extraction processes, which enhance the reliability and replicability of the findings. The review identifies effective governance frameworks and operational strategies in renewable energy policymaking to mitigate energy imbalance, drawing on research articles, governmental reports, and policy documents published from 2010 to 2025, sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The study compares experiences from developed countries (e.g., Germany's smart grids) and developing countries (e.g., India's solar initiatives under financial constraints), assessing various policy approaches, technological solutions, and financial innovations. Key barriers include sanctions, capital scarcity, and high demand, with proposed strategies such as domestic resource mobilization and regional cooperation to overcome them. This survey contributes to the field by integrating global best practices with Iran’s unique context, offering actionable insights for policymakers. Findings suggest that integrating novel technologies and flexible policies can mitigate short-term energy imbalances and contribute to long-term sustainable transitions. For Iran, recommendations include adapting demand-side management, financial models suited to sanctions, and technological adaptations based on local resources
