Background: Hydrosalpinx is a condition in which fluid accu- mulates in the fallopian tubes, adversely affecting reproductive outcomes and the structure of the endometrium. This study ex- amines the histological changes in the endometrium associated with hydrosalpinx, both before and after salpingectomy, and compares these findings to those from fertile individuals Materials and Methods: A total of thirty subjects, including 10 patients with unilateral hydrosalpinx undergoing salpingectomy and 20 healthy fertile women with successful pregnancies, were studied. All participants had normal hormonal profiles, body mass index, and regular menstrual cycles. Endometrial biop- sies were collected during the mid-secretory phase before sal- pingectomy and again four months post-surgery. Morphometric analysis was performed using the high-resolution histopatho- logical microscope to quantify surface and glandular epithelial cell height, average glandular diameter and glandular luminal diameter, glandular stromal fraction, and glandular density. These variables were compared between hydrosalpinx and con- trols, and before and after salpingectomy. The Wilcoxon Rank test was used for data analysis of before and after salpingec- tomy, and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Before the salpingectomy, there were significant de- creases in the height of both surface and glandular epithelium, as well as in average glandular and luminal diameter, and glan- dular density when compared to the control group (P<0.05). Following the salpingectomy, significant increases were ob- served in the height of surface and glandular epithelium, the average glandular diameter, and the luminal diameter of glands (P<0.05). Conclusion: Surgical removal of hydrosalpinx is associated with improved endometrial structure, highlighting its impor- tance in managing hydrosalpinx patients during IVF cycles. Prompt intervention is vital for enhancing reproductive success.
