Introduction: Ovarian tissue transplantation is performed to preserve fertility in cancer patients. However, one of the major problems associated with this procedure is ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury which leads to apoptosis and serious loss of the follicular reservoir within the first few days after transplantation. Platelet Lysate (PL) as a potent anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory agent, can prevent graft damages due to IR. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PL injection on the endocrine function of the transplanted mouse ovarian tissue. Methods: In this experimental study, Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were divided into following groups: Control, autograft and autograft + PL (5mg/kg daily intrapritoneal injections). After 28 days, blood samples were collected and levels of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) in serum samples were analyzed. In order to evaluate the resumption of cyclic ovarian activity following transplantation, daily vaginal smears were taken, starting on day 7 post-transplantation. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test, and the means were considered significantly different at p < 0.05. Results: The serum level of progesterone and estradiol were significantly lower in the autografted group compared to the control counterpart, whereas in the autografted + PL group, the mentioned parameters were significantly higher when compared to the autografted group. In addition, the estrous cycle recovery was more rapid in the autografted + PL group than the autografted group. Conclusion: PL can restore the endocrine function of the transplanted ovaries through reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
