Thyroid hormones and renal functions have a multifaceted mutual interdependence. At the same time, kidneys not only contribute significantly to metabolism and removal of thyroid hormones from the body but also play important role in certain actions of these hormones. Renal disease, both acute and chronic, has been found to be associated with significant effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels may be normal or increased in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hence, an important interplay and necessity between thyroid hormone profile (TSH, T3 & T4) status and kidney function highlights the significance of understanding the correlation between them. As known Thyroid hormones have pre-renal and intrinsic renal effects by which they increase the renal blood flow and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Hypothyroidism is associated with reduced GFR and hyperthyroidism results in increased GFR as well as increased renin–angiotensin–aldosterone activation. So studies on correlation of thyroid hormone profile with biochemical markers of renal function in T2DM patients is important. This research examines the relationship between thyroid hormone profile and biochemical markers of kidney function in patients with type 2 diabetes in patients referred to Al-Zahra Hospital (2022) in Iraq. Four qualitative parameters (gender, blood groups, Rh and kidney failure) and fourteen quantitative parameters consist of age, weight, height, BMI, TSH, T3, T4, urea, serum cratinine, cratinine clearance, FBS, uric acid, K and GFR were examined and calculated using standard methods in a hospital laboratory on 60 healthy and 60 T2DM patients peoples. Results showed that Blood groups, creatinine clearance, FBS and blood urea had not significant correlation with any of the studied parameters. BMI has a positive significant correlation with gender and uric acid, and it has a negative significant relationship with T4. TSH showed a significant negative correlation with T3 and T4 and a significant positive relationship with kidney failure. Blood serum creatinine had a significant positive correlation with blood serum potassium and kidney failure, but showed a negative significant relationship with GFR. Renal failure showed a positive significant correlation with TSH, blood serum creatinine and potassium and also GFR (P<0.01-0.05). These results show that in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM), any dysfunction of the thyroid gland can affect renal factors such as blood serum creatinine, potassium, and GFR and expose people to kidney failure. So it is necessary to control and check thyroid factors such as T3, T4 and TSH in these people. By controlling and improving renal factors, kidney failure can be prevented in these patients.
