Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ex A.W. Hill (Parsley) is a culinary and medicinal veg- etable of the family Apiaceae, which has been used by humans since ancient time. A molecular genetic diversity study was conducted on 10 Iranian popula- tions of P. crispum using start codon targeted (SCoT) molecular markers to investigate infraspecific genetic diversity and population structure. The nuclear genomes extraction were performed using the cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) protocol, then amplified using 10 SCoT primers. We found a large amount of population genetic differentiation index (G ST ) and total genetic difference in the pooled popu- lations (HT ) among the examined populations, which were supported by H S, N M. Additionally, we detected a significant genetic diversity (PhiPT = 0.755, P = 0.001) among the populations and their individu- als by the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) test, in which its great proportion was assigned to among populations. We detected the largest amounts of genetic polymorphism in populations 1 and 5, while a reverse condition was observed for population 7. We found four genotype groups among the popula- tions that was similar with phytogeographic mapping
