Investigating the interactions between ligands, such as drugs, and proteins is essen-tial to understand their functions and effects. This fluorescence spectroscopy proto-col details how to analyze the effects of drugs on protein structure, including stepsfor solution preparation, fluorescence spectra collection, and results analysis. It isapplicable to studying drug-protein interactions, binding affinity, and thermody-namic parameters as well as performing further studies on drug design.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer toJalali et al.1 and Sargolzaei et al.2
