Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a disorder that severely affects neurodevelopment, and itsunderlying causes are not yet entirely understood. Research suggests that there may be a connection betweenthe occurrence of ASD and changes in immune responses. This study aims to know if some biochemical andinflammatory cytokines are promising biomarkers for ASD and whether they are involved in the pathogenesis of ASD.Methods The serum levels of CRP, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-10, 1 L-8, and IL-6 were measured in all of the patients(n = 22) and in the healthy (n = 12) children using ELISA method.Results The serum concentrations of IL-10 and IL-8 were significantly lower in the ASD patients compared to thecontrol group (p < 0.05) and there were not significant differences between CRP, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-6 and IL-1β levels intwo groups. There were positive correlations between CRP and IL-10, also CRP and IL-8, in ASD group. In contrast tothe ASD patients, the correlations of IL-8, IL-10, and CRP were not significant in the control group.Conclusion In conclusion, this study highlights the potential role of certain biochemical markers and inflammatorycytokines in ASD. Specifically, the lower levels of IL-10 and IL-8 in ASD patients, along with the significant correlationsbetween CRP and these cytokines, suggest an altered immune response in individuals with ASD. These findingssupport the hypothesis that immune dysregulation may be involved in ASD pathogenesis. Further research isneeded to explore these biomarkers and their mechanistic links to ASD, which could lead to improved diagnostics ortherapeutic strategies.
