Background: Cadmium is an environmental pollutant which can induce the overproduction of free radicals while suppressing the antioxidant defense system. Curcumin is considered a free-radical scavenger and a potent antioxidant. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of curcumin on serum antioxidant enzymes and histopathological changes in mice treated with cadmium. Methods: In this experimental study, adult mice were divided into four groups, namely, control, cadmium chloride (5 mg kg1), curcumin (100 mg kg1), and curcuminþcadmium chloride. The animals received curcumin 24 h prior to cadmium chloride injection. After 24 h, blood samples were collected and used to assess the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase), total glutathione, total thiol, and hydrogen peroxide. Histopathological evaluation was also performed for testicular tissue. Results: Mice treated with cadmium showed a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, serum amounts of total glutathione and total thiol, and the diameter of seminiferous tubules compared to the control group. This pollutant also significantly (p < 0.001) increased serum levels of MDA and hydrogen peroxide and the lumen diameter of seminiferous tubules compared to the control group. In the curcuminþcadmium group, curcumin significantly (p < 0.001) reversed the adverse effects of cadmium, compared to the cadmium group. In addition, curcumin alone significantly (p < 0.001) increased serum glutathione peroxidase activity and thiol content compared to the control group. Conclusion: Curcumin, as a potent antioxidant, could compensate the adverse effects of cadmium on lipid and protein peroxidation, potentiated serum antioxidant defense system, and ameliorated some morphometrical parameters in the testis of cadmium-treated mice.
