The environment that we live in and make use of is being stripped off its precious components day by day. There are many angles from which the problem of environmental challenge can be studied. Similarly, many different views come into play if we need to find practical solutions to these challenges. There are innumerable factors associated with conservation of environment and also these challenges are interrelated. Different factors affected the environment of the Earth as it is in constant conflict with it. In this chapter we explain the most important challenges and the causes and effects of them on human, animal and plant life.