Introduction: Endocrine function and metabolic health can be impacted by obesity and overweight. The current study examined how bodyweight high-intensity interval training and calisthenics affected overweight men's cortisol and testosterone serum levels. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two overweight men (age: 19.5 ± 5.4 year; height: 175.4 ± 4.2 cm; weight: 90.9 ± 7.6 kg) divided into three groups: Calisthenics training (n=12), bodyweight high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (n=12), and control (n=8). The HIIT and calisthenics groups trained three times a week for eight weeks. Ten mL blood samples were collected from the antecubital vein 24 h before and after the training. Testosterone and cortisol serum levels were measured by ELISA technique. ANOVA and Bonferroni were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that the serum levels of testosterone in HIIT and calisthenics groups increased significantly, and cortisol decreased compared to the control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the serum levels of testosterone and cortisol in HIIT and calisthenics groups. Conclusion: Calisthenics and bodyweight HIIT can increase testosterone and decrease cortisol in overweight males.
