Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with a gradual decline in cognitive function and behavioral changes. The main feature of this disease is the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques. Increased cholesterol is also involved in the formation of these plaques. Amyloid plaques produce reactive oxygen species that lead to memory impairment. In the present study, the effect of rosuvastatin as a cholesterol reducer on memory recall and oxidative stress in male Alzheimer's rats was investigated. materials and methods: In this experimental study, adult male Wistar rats were divided into control groups (saline 1ml / kg), streptozotocin (3 mg / kg), rosuvastatin (10 and 20 mg / kg) and rosuvastatin with streptozotocin. In all groups, cannulation was performed bilaterally in the lateral ventricles. Streptozotocin was injected intracerebrally on the first and third days after surgery. Rosuvastatin gavage was started daily from one day before cannulation and continued for two weeks. Rats' memory was assessed by passive avoidance test. Serum oxidative stress indices were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's complementary test. Significant level (p <0.05) was considered. Results: Streptozotocin significantly decreased memory recall, decreased total antioxidant levels and superoxide dismutase levels and significantly increased malondialdehyde levels compared to the control group (p <0.001). Gavage of rosuvastatin for 14 days improved memory recall (p <0.001) and serum oxidative stress factors compared to streptozotocin group (p <0.01). Discussion: Streptozotocin causes memory deficits and cognitive impairments similar to Alzheimer's disease through oxidative stress and the production of beta-amyloid protein. Since high cholesterol is involved in the formation of amyloid beta plaques, it seems that cholesterol-lowering agents, including statins, can prevent the production of ROS and cognitive impairmen
